See -ium on Wiktionary
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"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
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{
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"vocative"
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},
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 34 29 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 29 3 1 1",
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"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
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},
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"kind": "other",
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}
],
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{
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"type": "example"
},
{
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"type": "example"
}
],
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]
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}
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"morpheme",
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]
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{
"_dis1": "33 43 24",
"word": "aestimium"
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{
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"word": "ambivium"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 43 24",
"word": "cōnfluvium"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "dēsīderō (“to long for”, verb) + -ium → dēsīderium n (“wish, longing”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "obsideō (“to remain; to besiege”, verb) + -ium → obsidium n (“siege, blockade”)"
},
{
"text": "conloquor (“to converse”, verb) + -ium → conloquium n (“conversation, discussion”)"
},
{
"text": "gaudeō (“to rejoice, enjoy”, verb) + -ium → gaudium n (“joy, delight”)"
}
],
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"Used to form abstract nouns from verbs."
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[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
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},
{
"word": "-tus"
},
{
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}
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"morpheme",
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}
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],
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],
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"english": "alluvium, cambrium, ordovicium",
"text": "alluvium, kambrium, ordovicium",
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"type": "example"
}
],
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"Used to form nouns denoting geological designations; -ium"
],
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[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"noun",
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[
"geological",
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],
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],
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],
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],
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"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
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"english": "aquarium, gospel, criterion, college, laboratory, medium, privilege, sanatorium, study",
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"type": "example"
}
],
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"Used to form nouns denoting chemical compounds, especially elements; -ium"
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],
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}
],
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"Dutch lemmas",
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}
],
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}
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"English lemmas",
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"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
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"English uncountable nouns",
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],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -um (neuter singular morphological suffix), based on Latin terms for metals such as ferrum (“iron”).",
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}
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],
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[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"element",
"element#English"
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[
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]
],
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],
"tags": [
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],
"topics": [
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},
{
"categories": [
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],
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"chemistry",
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"temporary#English"
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[
"postulated",
"postulate#Verb"
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[
"synthesize",
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],
[
"assign",
"assign#English"
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[
"permanent",
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],
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"(chemistry) Used to form the temporary systematic element name of a metallic or nonmetallic element which is postulated to exist, or which has been newly synthesized and has not yet been assigned a permanent name."
],
"tags": [
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"uncountable",
"usually"
],
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"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
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{
"text": "Alternative form: -onium"
}
],
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"Used to form the name of polyatomic cations. Common examples are quaternary ammonium compounds used as neuromuscular blocking agents, cholinergic agents, anticholinergic agents, antibacterials/antiseptics, or other agents."
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"polyatomic",
"polyatomic#English"
],
[
"cation",
"cation#English"
],
[
"quaternary ammonium compound",
"quaternary ammonium compound#English"
],
[
"neuromuscular blocking agent",
"w:neuromuscular-blocking drug"
],
[
"cholinergic",
"cholinergic#English"
],
[
"agent",
"agent#English"
],
[
"anticholinergic",
"anticholinergic#English"
],
[
"antibacterial",
"antibacterial#English"
],
[
"antiseptic",
"antiseptic#English"
]
],
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],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
88,
91
]
],
"ref": "1997, Bryan Pfaffenberger, Official Microsoft Internet Explorer 4 book, page 34:",
"text": "According to the FAQ, a site's coolness can be attributed to a trace element called coolium.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
6,
9
]
],
"ref": "2007, Jason Lethcoe, Wishing Well, appendix, page ii:",
"text": "Stupidium: Exposure to this Element can cause very silly behavior.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
79,
82
]
],
"ref": "2009, Selena Kitt, Quickies, page 91:",
"text": "We're at the North Pole, aren't we? Let's just call the new element Santa Clausium!",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Appended to common words to create scientific-sounding or humorous-sounding fictional substance names."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension, humorous) Appended to common words to create scientific-sounding or humorous-sounding fictional substance names."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"humorous",
"morpheme",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
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}
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"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "Reanalysis from multiple Latin or New Latin compounds suffixed with -ium, whose function, among others, is to derive parasynthetic compounds.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-iums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ia",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
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}
],
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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7,
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],
"text": "epithelium, pollinium",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form the name of an aggregation or mass of something, such as biological tissue"
],
"links": [
[
"aggregation",
"aggregation#English"
],
[
"mass",
"mass#English"
],
[
"biological",
"biological#English"
],
[
"tissue",
"tissue#English"
]
],
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],
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]
},
{
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"bold_text_offsets": [
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8,
11
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22,
25
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],
"text": "clinanthium, periodontium",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the name of biological structures and parts."
],
"links": [
[
"structure",
"structure#English"
]
],
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"en:structure"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
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],
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],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_text": "Reanalysis of Latin words suffixed with -tōrium, -ārium and -ium.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-iums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ia",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"alt": "Etymology 1",
"word": "-um"
},
{
"word": "-ion"
}
],
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{
"categories": [
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],
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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7,
10
],
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18,
21
],
[
31,
34
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],
"text": "auditorium, gymnasium, planetarium",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to indicate the setting where a given activity is carried out"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
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}
],
"word": "-ium"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
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"Latin neuter suffixes",
"Latin neuter suffixes in the second declension",
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"Latin noun-forming suffixes",
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"Latin suffix forms",
"Latin suffixes",
"Latin terms derived from Old Latin",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "aestimium"
},
{
"word": "ambivium"
},
{
"word": "cōnfluvium"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "-ium"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":nom",
"3": "la:-ius<id:suffix forming adjectives>",
"id": "abstract suffix"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#nominalization|Nominalization]] of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ijos\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-(i)yós\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"nominalization\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ium\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"abstract suffix\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"-ium\" id=\"Latin:_abstract_suffix\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
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},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ιον (-ion)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-ją",
"3": "*-(i)ją"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-(i)ją",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-ьje"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ьje",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From -ius (suffix forming adjectives): as a nominal suffix (Suffix 1), a substantivisation of its neuter forms; as an adjectival suffix (Suffix 2), regularly declined forms. Compare Ancient Greek -ιον (-ion), Proto-Germanic *-(i)ją, Proto-Slavic *-ьje.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-iī",
"links": [
[
"-iī",
"-ii"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ī",
"links": [
[
"-ī",
"-i"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iī",
"links": [
[
"-iī",
"-ii#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ī",
"links": [
[
"-ī",
"-i#Latin"
]
],
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"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iōrum",
"links": [
[
"-iōrum",
"-iorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iō",
"links": [
[
"-iō",
"-io#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iīs",
"links": [
[
"-iīs",
"-iis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iō",
"links": [
[
"-iō",
"-io#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iīs",
"links": [
[
"-iīs",
"-iis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "-ium<2>"
},
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"name": "la-suffix-noun"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "-ium<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "minister (“minister; servant”, noun) + -ium → ministerium n (“the office of a minister; ministry; service”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "auspex + -ium → auspicium",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix used to form abstract nouns, sometimes denoting offices and groups. May no longer be productive.",
"Used to form abstract nouns denoting offices from nouns naming positions or occupations."
],
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ātus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "dēsīderō (“to long for”, verb) + -ium → dēsīderium n (“wish, longing”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "obsideō (“to remain; to besiege”, verb) + -ium → obsidium n (“siege, blockade”)"
},
{
"text": "conloquor (“to converse”, verb) + -ium → conloquium n (“conversation, discussion”)"
},
{
"text": "gaudeō (“to rejoice, enjoy”, verb) + -ium → gaudium n (“joy, delight”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix used to form abstract nouns, sometimes denoting offices and groups. May no longer be productive.",
"Used to form abstract nouns from verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-tiō"
},
{
"word": "-tus"
},
{
"word": "-iō"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"New Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix appended to form names of chemical elements."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(New Latin) Suffix appended to form names of chemical elements."
],
"senseid": [
"la:element"
],
"tags": [
"New-Latin",
"declension-2",
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[i.ũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[i.um]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "-ium"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
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"Latin suffix forms",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
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{
"args": {
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"nl": "1"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
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{
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"1": "la",
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},
"expansion": "-ium",
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],
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"pos": "suffix",
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{
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{
"word": "-ius"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of -ius:",
"nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular"
],
"links": [
[
"-ius",
"-ius#Latin"
]
],
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},
{
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}
],
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],
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[
"-ius",
"-ius#Latin"
]
],
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"masculine",
"morpheme",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "-ium"
}
{
"categories": [
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],
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},
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],
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{
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],
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{
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{
"word": "-s"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of -s"
],
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[
"-s",
"-s#Latin"
]
],
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]
}
],
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}
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"3": "-ium",
"pos": "forms names of chemical elements"
},
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"name": "bor"
}
],
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"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
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},
"expansion": "-ium",
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}
],
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{
"parts": [
"-i",
"um"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "aquarium, gospel, criterion, college, laboratory, medium, privilege, sanatorium, study",
"text": "akvarium, evangelium, kriterium, kollegium, laboratorium, medium, privilegium, sanatorium, studium",
"translation": "aquarium, gospel, criterion, college, laboratory, medium, privilege, sanatorium, study",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns (loanwords) of Greek or Latin origin; -ium"
],
"links": [
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"loanwords",
"loanwords#English"
],
[
"Greek",
"Greek#English"
],
[
"Latin",
"Latin#English"
],
[
"-ium",
"-ium#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"nb:noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples",
"nb:Chemistry"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "barium, aluminium, beryllium, ammonium",
"text": "barium, aluminium, beryllium, ammonium",
"translation": "barium, aluminium, beryllium, ammonium",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns denoting chemical compounds, especially elements; -ium"
],
"links": [
[
"chemistry",
"chemistry"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"chemical compounds",
"chemical compounds#English"
],
[
"elements",
"elements#English"
],
[
"-ium",
"-ium#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) Used to form nouns denoting chemical compounds, especially elements; -ium"
],
"senseid": [
"nb:noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples",
"nb:Botany"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "geranium",
"text": "geranium",
"translation": "geranium",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns denoting plant designations; -ium"
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"plant",
"plant#English"
],
[
"-ium",
"-ium#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) Used to form nouns denoting plant designations; -ium"
],
"senseid": [
"nb:noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål terms with usage examples",
"nb:Geology"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "alluvium, cambrium, ordovicium",
"text": "alluvium, kambrium, ordovicium",
"translation": "alluvium, cambrium, ordovicium",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form nouns denoting geological designations; -ium"
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"geological",
"geological#English"
],
[
"-ium",
"-ium#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) Used to form nouns denoting geological designations; -ium"
],
"senseid": [
"nb:noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪ.ʉm/"
},
{
"audio": "nb--ium.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1d/Nb--ium.ogg/Nb--ium.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Nb--ium.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʉm"
}
],
"word": "-ium"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ium meaning in All languages combined (24.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ium"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ium",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ium"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ium",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: noun-forming suffix",
"path": [
"-ium"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ium",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
"msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, -ium/Dutch",
"path": [
"-ium"
],
"section": "Dutch",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ium",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.